Pandect of sulfate surfactants (1): Definition
Sulfate surfactants are widely used; among them, alkyl sulfates are the oldest surfactants after soaps.
The surfactants have -OSO3- functional group.
General formula of sulfate surfactants:
Among:
R:
-- CnH2n+1: alkyl sulfates;
-- CnH2n-1: alkenyl sulfates
-- R'-CnH2n-2 and CnH2n-2 (cyclo-structure), R' is H or other structures: cycloalkyl sulfates;
-- CnH2n+1 (OCH2CH2) m: saturated fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate;
-- CnH2n-1 (OCH2CH2) m: unsaturated fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (include one double bond);
-- : saturated fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;
-- : unsaturated fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether sulfates (include one double bond);
-- : polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates; R' is CkH2k+1: alkyl polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;
-- : polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates; R' is CkH2k+1: alkyl polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;
-- : R' is H or other structures: phenolic sulfates;
-- : phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates; R' is CnH2n+1: alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates;
-- : saturated fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates; the second hydroxyl group is sulfated: saturated fatty acid monoglyceride disulfates;
-- : unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester sulfates (double bond reaction types);
-- : unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester sulfates (hydroxy reaction types) (double bond may move back and forth);
-- : R' is H or other structures: saturated fatty acid amide alkyl sulfates;
-- : R' is H or other structures: unsaturated fatty acid amide alkyl sulfates;
-- castor oil-based: sulfated castor oil (mixing reaction type, based on hydroxy reaction type);
-- animal fats: sulfated animal fats;
-- sugar group: sugar sulfates.