Sodium Isodecyl Sulfate
Synonyms
Sulfuric acid, monoisodecyl ester, sodium salt (1:1);
Isodecyl sulfate, sodium salt;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
>> Sulfate
>> Chain Alcohol Sulfate
>> Alkanol Sulfate
>> Branched Alkanol Sulfate
Chemical Numbering System
CASRN：68299-17-2
EINECS：269-598-0
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C10H21NaO4S; C10H22O4S.Na (SciFinder Hill Rules)
Molecular Weight: 260.33
Structure
R: iso-C10.
Properties
Appearance (1), solid; (2), liquid.
Odor faint characteristic odor.
Solubility soluble in water.
Physical - chemical properties
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Flash point, °C
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> 93
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Stability stable in alkali, weak acid and hard water; unstable in strong acid, hydrolyzed, reduced to alcohol.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS (Rev.6) label: 
Liquid form: irritation, irritation to skin, eye.
GHS (Rev.6) label:
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent wetting, permeating, cleansing, emulsifying, hydrotropic, dispersing, solubilizing abilities. Resistant to hard water. Low foaming. Tolerance to high concentration electrolytes.
Note (1), Avoid using in children cleaning products, such as shower gels, shampoo, skin care products.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfated reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfates.
Generally, isodecyl alcohol and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then sodium hydroxide neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alcohols or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
US patent 6,060,443 (Mid-chain branched alkyl sulfate surfactants) also presents some synthesis processes of branched chain sulfate.
US patent 6,455,488 (Process of making alkyl sulfate granulates) describes the preparation of a particulate alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
US patent US 6,331,645 (Process for preparing powdery alkyl sulfates) describes the preparation of a powdery alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1. Physical and chemical indexes
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Item
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Physical and chemical indexes
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Liquid
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|
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Actives, %, ≥
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39.0 - 41.0
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Soluble materials in petroleum ether, %, ≤
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1.0
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Sodium chloride, %, ≤
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0.8
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Sodium sulfate, %, ≤
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1.0
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Sodium carbonate, %, ≤
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0.4 - 0.8
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pH (25°C, 10% solution)
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7.5-10.5
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Color, APHA (10% solution), ≤
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150
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Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents－Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), Soluble materials in petroleum ether
GB/T 11989 Anionic surface active agents - Determination of soluble matter content in light petroleum
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(3), Sodium chloride
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(4), Sodium sulfate
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(5), Sodium carbonate
GB/T 639 Chemical reagent - Sodium carbonate anhydrous
ISO 6353-2 Reagents for chemical analysis -- Part 2: Specifications -- First series
(6), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents - Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
(7), Color
GB/T 605 Chemical reagent - General method for the measurement of colour
ISO 6353-1 Reagents for chemical analysis -- Part 1: General test methods
2. Hazardous substances indexes
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Item
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Hazardous substances indexes
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Solid
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Liquid
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|
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Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/Kg, ≤
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20
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20
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As, mg/Kg, ≤
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3
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3
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Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents - Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents - Determination of total arsenic
3. Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1. Typical applications
Use as wetting agent, permeating agent widely.
Use as hydrotrope.
2. Household detergents
Use as cleansing agent.
3. Industrial cleaning agents
Use as cleansing agent.
4. Textile
Use as wetting agent, cleansing agent.
5. Emulsion polymerization
Emulsifier, particle size controlling agent in emulsion polymerization.
Manufacturers
Update: 20131018(1); 20160810(2);