Azelaic Acid
Synonyms
1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid;
Nonanedioic acid;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Carboxylate
>> Dicarboxylate
>>> Alkyl Dicarboxylate
>>>> Linear Alkyl Dicarboxylate
Chemical Numbering System
CASRN：123-99-9
EINECS：204-669-1
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C9H16O4
Molecular Weight: 188.22
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), white to pale yellow crystal.
Solubility soluble in water. soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Water solubility, g/L |
2.4 (20°C)[1] |
|
Melting point, °C |
106.5[1] |
Stability stable.
Risk Solid form: corrosion; flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS (Rev.10) label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
rat oral LD50 |
> 5000mg/kg[2] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent antibacterial, lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, cleansing, solubilizing abilities.
Synthesis
(1), Obtained by oxidation reaction of nonyl dialdehyde. Or,
(2), Obtained by oxidative cracking reaction of castor oleic acid.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
79.0 - 98.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
HG/T 4481 Azelaic acid for industrial use
GB 2092 Sebacic acid for industrial use
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents - Detergents - Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/Kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/Kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents - Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents - Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), HG/T 4481 Azelaic acid for industrial use
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances; or furtherly test for microorganisms.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as lubricant.
Use as cleansing agent.
Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
2, Organic synthesis
Widely used in synthesis of nylon, such as nylon 66, nylon 9 and so on.
Widely used in prepration of azelaic acid esters. Azelaic acid esters can be used in cold-resistant plasticizers, high temperature lubricants, personal care products, etc.
Widely used in prepration of azelaic acid salts. azelaic acid salts can be used in personal care products, etc.
3, Household detergents
Use as cleansing agent.
4, Personal care products
Use as buffering agent, masking agent.
Skin protecting agent in personal care products.
5, Machinery industry
Lubricant in metal processing, machinery.
6, Pets
Use as buffering agent.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: HSDB. 123-99-9, 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid
[2]: ChemIDplus. 123-99-9, Azelaic acid
Update: 20131102(1); 20180122(2);