Furfural
Synonyms
2-Furaldehyde;
2-Furancarboxaldehyde;
FEMA No. 2489;
Category
Non-ionic surfactant
> Aldehyde
Chemical Numbering System
CASRN: 98-01-1
EINECS: 202-627-7
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C5H4O2
Molecular Weight: 96.08
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), liquid.
Odor almond-like odor.
Solubility soluble in water.
Stability stable. Easily oxidized.
Risk Liquid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS (Rev.10) label:
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
dog inhalation LC50 |
370ppm/6H[1] |
dog intravenous LD50 |
250mg/kg[1] |
dog oral LD50 |
950mg/kg[1] |
dog subcutaneous LD50 |
214mg/kg[1] |
frog parenteral LDLo |
23000mg/kg[1] |
guinea pig oral LD50 |
541mg/kg[1] |
guinea pig subcutaneous LDLo |
100mg/kg[1] |
mouse inhalation LCLo |
370ppm/6H[1] |
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
102mg/kg[1] |
mouse intravenous LD50 |
152mg/kg[1] |
mouse oral LD50 |
400mg/kg[1] |
mouse subcutaneous LD50 |
119mg/kg[1] |
rabbit intramuscular LD50 |
78mg/kg[1] |
rabbit oral LDLo |
800mg/kg[1] |
rabbit skin LDLo |
620mg/kg[1] |
rabbit subcutaneous LDLo |
500mg/kg[1] |
rat inhalation LC50 |
175ppm/6H[1] |
rat intraperitoneal LD50 |
20mg/kg[1] |
rat oral LD50 |
65mg/kg[1] |
rat subcutaneous LD50 |
148mg/kg[1] |
Overall carcinogenic evaluation: Group 3[1].
Human Toxicity
Table 2 Human toxicity values
human oral TCLo |
0.31mg/m3[1] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, masking, dispersing abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
Liquid |
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
2, Hazardous substances indexes
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
Liquid |
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/Kg, ≤ |
20 |
As, mg/Kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), GB/T 1926.1 Technical furfural
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as solvent.
2, Personal care products
Solvent in personal care products.
3, Food
Use as food additive (perfume).
4, organic synthesis
Use as intermediate in organic synthesis.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: ChemIDplus. 98-01-1, Furfural
Update: 20190520(1);